![]() This method can abstract all the details of the basic physical system, but is still faithful to the basic physical reality it describes. Von Neumann first proposed the concept of cellular automata, so as to study the phenomenon of self-replication of machines, which is a computer model describing the process of reproduction and evolution, but it is too complicated, with thousands of cells and 29 states. Therefore, it is difficult to be implemented. In the 1980s, there was a new breakthrough in the theoretical research of cellular automata. Researchers have successfully discovered the phenomena of bifurcation, attractor, self-replication and self-organization by using the existing simple rules. Since then, cellular automata have become an important tool for studying, solving and applying complex systems.
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